| Energy-Related Carbon Emissions for the Petroleum and Coal Products Industry, 1994. Petroleum refining is by far the largest component of the petroleum and coal products industry. The petroleum refining industry uses almost 30 percent of all energy used in manufacturing and emits over 20 percent of the carbon. Only about half of the energy is used as fuel; the rest is used as feedstock. Energy-Related Carbon Emissions for the Petroleum Refining Industry by Source, 1994. Over half of petroleum refining carbon emissions are from petroleum byproducts (chiefly still gas and petroleum coke) used as fuel. A significant amount of carbon is sequestered in petrochemical feedstocks, resulting in a relatively low overall carbon intensity.
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